Offenders Facing the Death Penalty Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Offenders Facing the Death Penalty - Term Paper Example The population consisting of blacks has been selected for this study. Characteristics and challenges they face in prison Since the time of slavery when the black people were considered as property, the injustice meted out to this category of the population has never lessened. Studies reveal that the blacks are more subject to death penalties than the whites. This bias stems from the fact that a majority of these decisions are made by the white. The blacks are 3.9 times more likely to face death penalty on committing crimes of similar magnitude as done by the whites. (Dieter, 1998) The blacks facing death penalties suffer from mental trauma and helplessness during their stay in the prison. 5 to 10% of those facing death penalty suffer from grave mental illness. Severe mental trauma causes brain damage. This results in impairment of normal physical, behavioral and cognitive functions. These people often face physical and / or sexual abuse in the prison (Mental Illness on Death Row, n.d .) How they adjust to incarceration The prisons in the US- particularly in Texas and California are faced with overcrowding. This has negatively affected the living conditions in prison, prisoner’s safety and proper prison management. ... The prisoners are hyper vigilant about impending threats and danger. They fail to trust their fellow prisoners because of fear of getting victimized. This tendency is seen more in the Blacks, since they are the potential targets of victimization. A research in this regard reveals that about 40% prisoners avoid high risk areas in prison. Most of these prisoners spend additional time in their unit to avoid getting victimized. Almost 75% of prisoners act tough with others to avoid being exploited. Also, about 25% prisoners keep weapons with them to protect themselves. These behaviors on the part of the prisoners reflect the high degree of distrust among them. (Haney, 2002) Social withdrawal and isolation is another method adopted by the prisoners in order to adjust to incarceration. It involves withdrawal from group activities in the prison. The prisoners do not interact with others in such situation. They adopt evasion tactic to cope with the situation. The state of withdrawal is assoc iated with psychological depression. The attitude, behavior and perception of the Blacks facing death penalty can be studied by categorizing them into six categories. These are as follows: Indifference: This behavior is expressed in a consistent manner during the early days of trial. It is characterized by lack of concern for the things happening around. It is caused due to utter disbelief in the situation. (Radelet, 1990, p. 42) Resignation: After the indifference phase comes resignation. It is caused because of the feeling that waiting for death is more difficult than dying. The offenders facing death penalty seek their execution and do not want to undergo further trial. The case of Rumbaugh in 1982 can be used to clarify

Communication final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication final project - Essay Example This essay is an attempt to summarize and apply Emory Griffin’s ideas about personal friendship and communication. If what has been mentioned above is true, it is certain that the first and most important among the fundamentals of friendship is shared personal love. Griffin specified the actual range of varied ideas of love among authors in an effort to find an equivalent broad range of understanding of the essentials of communication and mutual love in friendship. Griffin describes ‘personal love’ or what he specifically referred to as ‘intimate friendship’ as a human relationship that has â€Å"a life of its own that is greater than the separate lives of the two friends† (Griffin, 1987, 214). This definition apparently includes personal awareness by each on the other’s distinctive self-identity. It has been argued that since intimate friendship us a special type of deep-seated love, it will in fact frequently transform into deep-seated love and create desire, or love, for what the completely loved individual requires as instrumental objectives or as way to these objectives. Love will encourage actions. Griffin reminds that intimate friendship, of its essence, will be fundamental love, specifically, imbued with sentiments of love such as bliss, pleasure, sweetness, warmth, or in several instances, forgiveness and sympathy. Making friends and keeping them requires a lot of uphill struggles. Elements like acceptance, patience, understanding and love determine friendship in its best. The main thing that grows as roots to the mentioned instruments is communication; nevertheless, reminds Griffin, communication has also its limitations. Not all communication efforts can strengthen, mend, and revive broken relationships; it can also destroy a good friendship. Communication should then be used with extra caution by making use of judgment. Griffin

(Choose the Topic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(Choose the Topic) - Essay Example Huxley is correct though when he comments that â€Å"the release of atomic energy marks a great revolution in human history† (Huxley, 1946, xi). When Huxley wrote Brave New World, nuclear energy had yet to be used in warfare. However, later in his foreword Huxley does mention of America’s use of nuclear bombs the year before in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Huxley was at least correct in saying that nuclear fission would change the way that wars are fought in the future, and this has proved to be the case. Huxley also predicted that the â€Å"politicians and generals of Europe consciously resisted the temptation to use their military resources to the limits of destructiveness or to go on fighting until the enemy was totally annihilated† (Huxley, 1946, xii). As World War II had just ended when Huxley was writing his foreword, he could not have predicted that the European Union would be formed. What Huxley did get right was that the horrors of the two world wars taught leaders and politicians to not get involved militarily. Since the end of World War II, many European nations have attempted to diffuse conflicts through negotiation and as such there have not been any major wars in Western Europe. Huxley also talked about the shifts in political and economic power that would occur in the future. â€Å"To deal with confusion, power has been centralized and government control increased† (Huxley, 1946, xiv). Over the last eighty years there has been increased centralization in the major economies of the world, and this has been facilitated through international trade. Trade unions have made the world smaller and also kept political and economic power in the hands of the few. To combat this, Huxley correctly surmises that â€Å"only a large-scale popular movement toward decentralization and self-help can arrest the present tendency toward statism† (Huxley, 1946, xiv). Perhaps Huxley underestimated the control that governments and

Advanced mechanical design analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced mechanical design analysis - Essay Example The structure given for analysis is simply supported using the rollers at both the ends.The beam element consists of three separate pieces.Two pieces of longer span both connected to the end portions while the middle piece the smaller one, connects both the longer pieces using an assembly of pin joints. The loads to which the beam is subjected consist of three concentrated loads, one having a magnitude of 26 KN acting at the centre while the loads of magnitude 18 KN and 20 KN acting at 0.9 m and 1.1 m from both the ends. The connection provided in the members undertakes the roles of transfer of loads from one member to the other besides acting as means of support. As the connections are specified as pinned the members are given the freedom to rotate. The pinned connections are provided to facilitate the large deflection possible in the bridge element. In case stiff connection like welded connections are provided it would create additional stress in the body due to the induced rigidit y of the connections. As the rigidity in the pinned connections are every low the members wouldn't experience any stress concentrations created by rotational effects or reaction forces.The objective of the problem is to determine the stresses in the four different beam cross sections and also the deflection caused when different beam cross sections are used. The beam theory is adopted whenever the structural analysis is required on a member characterized by significant span, L, comparable depth, D, and width, W. Thus the bending theory says that M/I = f /y= E/R. Where M is the maximum bending moment, I is the moment of Inertia, f is the maximum fibre stress, y is the depth to the outermost fibre from the neutral axis, E is the modulus of elasticity and R is the radius of gyration. The stresses and the deflection caused in the beam from the external loads depend on length of the beam or span and the depth of the beam. Also, the stresses and the deflections in the beam shall be expres sed as the functions of shear force and bending moment. Thus it is very necessary to obtain the shear force and bending moment diagram. For the given problem the shear force and bending moment diagram shall be determined, it is shown separately as the hand calculations. The finite element analysis was undertaken using the MYSTRO AND LUSAS finite element software where the FEA models were formed using the command files than CAD interface systems. This approach even though was a little tedious and complex was described by separate set of commands. The success of FEA technique lies in the planning and preparation of suitable mesh arrangement for the problem to be addressed. The objective is to identify the most optimum mesh size arrangement that gives the most accurate stress distribution with in reasonable time for analysis. The region of high stress in the beam could be meshed very fine and those outside the region could be discretised using coarse mesh. The elements used for the discretisation is arrived based of variety of trial models. The elements that are used in the final analysis is three dimensional hexahedral elements which has eight nodes with each node having three degrees of freedom. These elements are geometrically linear and has an assu med internal strain field. They are sued to model the beam flanges and connecting plates. The beam webs are modelled using the three or four noded elements having 5 degrees of freedom and the connections are also modelled using hexahedral elements. The material used is assumed to behavior in the linear field. The modulus of elasticity and poisons ratio given in the problem could be used for the analysis. The beam is restrained to move in the vertical direction. The roller supports provided would give the model a free movement along it longitudinal direction. Three dimensional beam element refers to the element that have two nodes and each node having six degrees of freedom. Three translation motion and three rotational motion are the

Onsumer law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Onsumer law - Essay Example If the credit card provider and the bank, which is acting on behalf of the supplier/ Retailer are the same then only the transaction will have effect on only three parties. Consumer Credit agreements: In Consumer Credit Agreement the creditor provides finance to the debtor for purchase of goods and services and such finance shall be within the specified amount. The credit provided by the creditor to the debtor includes Credit sale and conditional sale such the agreements of bank overdraft and credit card, which are also termed as revolving credit or running account. Under these agreements the debtor purchases the goods and or services from the supplier or wholesaler or retailer etc and the creditor makes the payment for the debtor and such credit the creditor shall fix limit, from time to time. The further classification of these agreements are unrestricted credit agreements and restricted use credit agreements. Bank loans fall in the category of unrestricted credit agreements. ... Dealer is an Agent of Creditor: In accordance with Section 56 of the Consumer Credit Agreement a person who makes negotiations of a regulated agreements between the creditor and the debtor is called the agent of creditor, such person includes a dealer in hire-purchase and a retailer who allows the customer to pay through credit card for the goods supplied. This section gives the protection to the consumer by making creditor liable for any breach of contract of sale either due to misrepresentation or due to any reason, and giving liberty to the consumer to sue the creditor for the breach of contract of sale2. Liability of Creditors in Consumer Credit Agreement: Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 provides that the creditor is liable for the default of the supplier and the debtor has a claim against the creditor similar to that of his claim against the supplier in the Consumer Credit Agreements such as hire-purchase, credit sale and conditional sales. The creditor is jointly and severally liable to the debtor. The consumer who purchases the goods from supplier or wholesaler or a retailer using the credit card has right to claim against credit card issuing company, which provides the credit card to the consumer3. Therefore the Section 75(1) and Section 56 of the Consumer Credit Act gives the protection to the consumers against the creditor such as the credit card issuing bank for any breach of contract of sale including implied conditions such as fitness and satisfactory quality as explained in the sale of goods act. This section provides to the consumer who makes the payment of the price of goods through the credit card, to claim against the supplier and also the

Court case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Court - Case Study Example have become a multimillion dollar a year industry for many private firms, the level of potential ethical violations that exists has exponentially increased. Unfortunately, the situation that has thus far been described is one that is likely taking place on a much more macro scale than the isolated situation that has thus far been defined. Ultimately, pay for prison time schemes are likely to exist not only at the juvenile justice level but also with respect to the application of adult justice. This particular issue is unethical in many different measurements. Firstly, the entity that was responsible for providing payment to the judge was guilty of bribery and broke the law by engaging in such a practice. Similarly, the judge that was willing and able to continue to take these brides was guilty of allowing the entire process of justice to be derailed merely as a result of their own greed. Such an issue is not new to the realm of criminal justice; as courts, jurors, judges, and elements within the prosecution or defense have had a long history of corruption and bribery; regardless of the region or legal system in question. However, the level of obvious corruption that exists within this particular case is especially troublesome due to the fact that the judge was perfectly willing to sentence first time, and oftentimes non-violent, offenders to juvenile jail time; merely as a means of fulfilling a quota and ensuring that the kickbacks that he was receiving would continue to flow. Further, this does an injustice to society as a whole; due to the fact that individuals who might otherwise have been corrected in a less costly way were placed in detention facilities – requiring the use of public funds to support their incarceration (Davis, 2011). With respect to what can be done as a means of curbing such unethical behavior in the courtroom, it can readily be determined that the review of such cases was incomplete. A determination of this reality is predicated upon

Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Renaissance Essay Renaissance is a French word that literally means â€Å"Rebirth† and is referring to the rebirth of learning in northern Italy after there was hardly learning in the middle ages. During the Renaissance, there was a great renewal of education and ancient times. But, the Renaissance was more than just studying works of ancient scholars; it influenced sculpture, architecture and painting. In Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, the mysterious smile reflects the newly emerging Renaissance values of Humanism and The Renaissance man. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Renaissance. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Mona Lisa†) Humanism was a new philosophical outlook that rejects religious beliefs and centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. For example some human achievements and concerns were the study in philosophy, culture, human needs, desires, and experiences. Humanism not only influenced the Renaissance, it also assisted the creation of art during the Renaissance. For example most of history’s famous painters lived during the Renaissance. In Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, humanism is shown by her mysterious facial expression, which gives an indication that she’s keeping a secret. Humanism was key to the Renaissances success in art and learning because it got peoples minds off religious beliefs and allowed them to focus on human values like artwork. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Humanism. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Mona Lisa†) The Renaissance man was a major title during the Renaissance and almost every man wanted this title. The Renaissance man is a flawless individual who tried to master all areas of study. For example Leonardo da Vinci was considered a Renaissance man because he was a musician, architect, sculptor, painter, scientist, engineer, mathematician, geologist, inventor, cartographer, anatomist, botanist and writer. Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa was an example of Leonardo da Vinci’s title of a Renaissance Man because this artwork showed how talented he was by creating her mysterious smile. Today, the Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile is being debated why Leonardo da Vinci made it that way. The Renaissance man is a value of the Renaissance because this encouraged more scholars to learn and study so they have something to earn. Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Renaissance Man. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Mona Lisa†) In Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, the mysterious smile reflects the newly emerging Renaissance values of Humanism and The Renaissance man. The realizations of the Mona Lisa demonstrated how much art had changed compared to the middle ages. Renaissance art was a huge contribution to the Renaissance and in fact expressed the values of it. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci. †) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. â€Å"Mona Lisa†)